Government Guidelines for Child Nutrition

Government Guidelines for Child Nutrition MAGDA ZIMON GOVERNMENT GUIDELINES ON FOOD AND NUTRITION The UK Department of Health guidelines (May 2003) recommend breast feeding exclusively for the first six months, as this should meet all baby’s nutritional needs. Most babies should not need solid food before the age of six months. Milk is still the major food, it is very important to remember, when baby starting solids, that milk is still the best and most natural food for growing babies. In the first few days of breastfeeding is a very important source of antibodies which help to build up a baby’s immune system. It is also medically proven that breastfed babies are less likely to develop certain disease in lester life. Good. Milk should contain all the nutrients our baby needs to grow. There are 65 calories in 120ml/4 fl oz milk, and formula milk is fortified with vitamins and iron. Cow’s milk is not such a good food for human babies so is best not started until baby is one year old. Between four and six months babies should have 600-800 ml/ 21-28 fl oz breast or infant formula each day. 600 ml/ 21fl oz is enough when solid are introduced. For most babies who eat fresh food in sufficient quantities and drink formula milk until the age one year, vitamin supplements are probably unnecessary . However in the UK the Department of Health recommends that if your baby is being breastfed(breast milk does not contain enough Vitamin D) or is drinking less 500 ml /18 fl oz of infant formula a day mother should give baby vitamin supplements. Vitamins are necessary for the correct development of the brain and nervous system. Vitamins are essential for all types of growth and development and they can be found in many forms. A healthy, balanced diet, coupled with daily physical exercise, is crucial to the development of children. It is not simply sufficient to serve healthy meals and snacks; it is vital that children understand the importance of eating a healthy balanced diet so that they themselves are more likely to choose healthy options when given a choice. Diet is all about educating the individual to understand the importance of eating sensibly while understanding that they can enjoy food. Food habits are developed during childhood which will affect us for all our lives and this is way it is important for children to develop healthy eating habits from the outset. Establishing healthy eating habits in the early years will encourage children to eat sensibly throughout their lives, promote normal growth and development and protect against disease in later life. RECOMMENDED FOOD AT AGE OF 6 MONTH TO ONE YEAR BABY’S AGE TYPE OF FOOD STARCHY FOOD VEGETABLES AND FRUIT MEAT AND MEAT ALTERNATIVES 6 monts starts with a fine semi-liquid puree mixed with milk, or cooled boiled water baby rice cereal pureed cooked carrots, parsnip, apple, pear, mashed banana small amount of pureed lean soft-cooked beef, lamb, pork, poultry, pureed lentils 7-9 months mashed or chopped, finger food try white or wholemeal bred, pasta, rice, noodles, couscous porridge cucumber, green beans, leek, peas mushroom, onion, sweetcorn, tomato, mango, melon, strawberries, grapes (seedless) introduce a little boneless white fish(cod or haddock) hard boiled egg yolk(no egg white until nine months) 9-12 months most foods should now be mashed or chopped, and some left whole for baby to chew on home-made pizza, chips, cakes, puddings and biscuits are healthier alternatives to shop-bought encourage baby to eat raw fruit and lightly cooked vegetables as snacks meat and meat alternatives:sliced ham, chicken or turkey, and small chopped sausages make good finger food;introduce boiled eggs or omelette. One year onwards child can now eat most family food;now can safely introduce honey offer one serving of potato, pasta, bread, rice or couscous at every meal;limit very starchy food such as crisps, pastries or other savoury snacks aim to serve four portions a day-offer as snacks or blend into a stew or soup. start to include oily fish such as salmon mackerel and pilchards;carefully remove small bones from fish SPECIAL DIETARY REQUIREMENTS Childminders should always discuss with the parents of the children in their care which meals they will be expected and what food should be given. It is absolutely paramount when preparing meals that childminder take into consideration factors such as culture and religion and ensure that the food they provide is in keeping with the parents wishes. It is important to recognise and cater for differing dietary needs and this should not only be the case if you are caring for a child from different culture from your own. All children should be introduced to variety of different food and you can do this by offering foods which are associated with certain religious festivals. For example, the Christian tradition of serving mice pies at Christmas and pancakes on Shrove Tuesday can be done alongside offering Chinese food to celebrate the start of the Chines New Year, or poori to celebrate Diwali. Diets vary immensely and can differ according to belief or preference. Vegetarianism for example, may be chosen for several reason including religious or cultural beliefs or simply concern for welfare of animals. A food allergy is an abnormal response of immune system to what is otherwise a harmless food. Ninety per cent of all food allergy reactions are caused by just eight foods. These food are: milk peanuts eggs tree nuts, including almonds, pecan and walnuts fish shellfish wheat soya Symptoms of an allergic reaction can be varied but will usually include: vomiting diarrhoea eczema wheezing cramps difficulty in breathing Childminder must always respect a child’s cultural background regardless of whether the culture is their own or not. They should use their knowledge and understanding to encourage children to learn about other cultures ia a positive way. A child’s culture can have a huge impact on their development. It is absolutely paramount that childcare practitioner work in partnership with the parents of the children placed in their care to ensure a good relationship which is beneficial to everyone concerned. Practitioner need to take time to talk to the child’s parents to ascertain a suitable strategy for caring for their child and to ensure continuity of care: dietary requirements food allergies dietary difference necessary medications emergency contact information Childminder and parents need to communicate regularly and effectively in order to establish a good rapport so that the parents can be confident that their chosen childcare practitioner is right for them and, more importantly, for their child. FOOD THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED BY YOUNG CHILDREN Food is one of life’s greatest pleasures and yet it is also a source of worry for most parents. Although baby is able to eat a lot more kinds of food, there are still some they should not eat: SALT-from seven months to a year old , 1 g of salt a day is the maximum amount for baby should have, which they will get from their breast or formula milk feeds. Do not add any salt to foods for young babies as their kidneys can not cope with it. Baby foods are not allowed to contain salt, but such ingredients as bacon and cheese will contain some. It is best not to encourage a liking for salt at any age. SUGAR-only add sugar to food or drinks you give your baby if it is necessary. Children does not need sugar. Sugar could encourage a sweet tooth and lead to tooth decay when the first teeth start to come through. HONEY-this is a sugar and can cause the same problems as sugar. Do not give honey until your child is one year old, even for easing coughs. Very occasionally it can contain a type of bacteria which can produce toxins in the baby’s intestines and can cause a very serious illness(infant botulism. After the age of one, the baby’s intestine matures and the bacteria are not able to grow. NUTS- these can be a choking hazards, especially whole nuts. Nuts and nut pastes should also be avoided if family has a history of allergies. Nuts products can induce a severe allergic reaction-anaphylactic shock-which can be life threatening, so it is best to be cautious. EGGS-can be given from six months but they must be throughly cooked until both the white and the yolk are solid. Allergic reaction to eggs can be quite common, particularly to the egg whites. Soft boiled eggs can be given after one year. FISH AND SHELLFISH-are highly allergic. The amount of mercury in these foods can affect a baby’s growing nervous system. CHILDHOOD CHRONIC DISEASES The list of health problems that can affect a child’s growth and development is huge and can range from simple colds and ear infections, which are short-lived, to much more serious problems such as cystic fibrosis, which can be life threatening. If you are caring for a child with a particular health problem it is absolutely vital that you work with the parents to provide the best care possible for the child. You will need to glean as much information as you can about the child’s condition in order to plan for their care and well-being. Parents will be very knowledgeable about any condition that affects their child and they are the best people to ask for advice and information. However you may also like to source further information from doctors, health visitors and the internet. ASTHMA- is Britain’s most common long-term childhood illness, according to the National Asthma Campaign. Asthma is a particular kind of chronic allergic reaction affecting the airways, leading to inflammation, narrowed airways and characteristic symptoms which include: wheezing shortness of breath tightness in the chest coughing These symptoms are usually variable, intermittent, often worse at night, and can be provoked by various triggers including cigarette smoke, house-dust mites, contact with animals and exercise. All allergic reactions, including food allergy, eczema, hay-fever and the life-threatening anaphylaxis, are on the increase. Asthma impacts not only on the child, with frequent episodes of wheezy illness which can be frightening, time off school, visit to the GP, but also on the family, leading to constant anxiety and sleepless nights. DIABETES- is a disease affecting the pancreas. This gland produces the substance insulin, which helps the body use up the sugar which comes from the diet. If there is insufficient insulin glucose builds up in the the bloodstream and douses problems for many organs of the body. Most young diabetics will use a blood glucose measuring device at home to check the blood glucose level frequently. A child and their family will need a period of adjustment after diabetes is diagnosed. They must establish a routine for blood glucose monitoring and injecting, learn how to count carbohydrates, see diabetes health professionals regularly and cope with fluctuating blood glucose levels. New challenges may arise as a child moves through different life stages. CYSTIC FIBROSIS-this is an inherited disease in which a number of body tissues an abnormally thick mucus. For example, the lining of the air passages in the lungs normally produces a thin mucus which keeps the lining moist. In cystic fibrosis this is very thick, leading to the air passages becoming blocked and susceptible to infection. The condition also affected the pancreas. This gland produces digestive juices and if it is affected by cystic fibrosis food can not be digestive properly. This mean that the child’s bowel movements may be loose, fatty, and foul-smelling although sometimes constipation will be a problem. Cystic fibrosis affects approximately one child in 3. 000 in UK. A test of the amount of salt in the sweat will confirm the diagnosis. There is no cure. However if it is diagnosed early, damage to the lungs can be prevented. CEREBRAL PALSY-results from damage to the parts of the brain which control the body’s movements and posture. This damage may occur before birth, during birth or during the first two years of life. The developing brain may be damaged by lack of oxygen, infection in the mother during pregnancy or a placenta which is not functioning properly. Children with cerebral palsy may need ongoing treatment throughout their childhood. Parents should always be involved in the treatment programme and in most cases will be able to help with exercises at home. Some sufferers from cerebral palsy may also have a mental handicap as a result of brain damage, but equally there may be no mental handicap whatsoever. These chronic health conditions, in addition to causing issues with child development both physically, emotionally and intellectually, can also cause great distress for those caring for the child. ———————————————————————————————— REFERENCE- Gina Ford-â€Å"The Contented Little Baby Book Of Weaning†- 2012 Gina Ford-â€Å"The Contented Child’s Food Bible†-2012 Jane Rossiter and Rosemary Seddon-â€Å"The Diabetics Kids Cookbook† -1987 Meenu Singh -â€Å"Asthma in Children† 2011 Teresa Kilgour -â€Å"Children’s Illnesses (Understanding)(Family Doctor Books) 2008

The Development of Management Information Systems :: Business Management Studies

The Development of Management Information Systems The role of business information systems has changed and expanded over the last four decades. In the incipient decade (1950s and '60s), â€Å"electronic data processing systems† could be afforded by only the largest organizations. They were used to record and store bookkeeping data such as journal entries, specialized journals, and ledger accounts. This was strictly an operations support role. By the 1960s â€Å"management information systems† were used to generate a limited range of predefined reports, including income statements (they were called P & L’s back then), balance sheets and sales reports. They were trying to perform a decision making support role, but they were not up to the task. By the 1970s â€Å"decision support systems† were introduced. They were interactive in the sense that they allowed the user to choose between numerous options and configurations. Not only was the user allowed customizing outputs, they also could configure the programs to their specific needs. There was a cost though. As part of your mainframe leasing agreement, you typically had to pay to have an IBM system developer permanently on site. The main development in the 1980s was the introduction of decentralized computing. Instead of having one large mainframe computer for the entire enterprise, numerous PC’s were spread around the organization. This meant that instead of submitting a job to the computer department for batch processing and waiting for the experts to perform the procedure, each user had their own computer that they could customize for their own purposes. Many poor souls fought with the vagaries of DOS protocols, BIOS functions, and DOS batch programming. As people became comfortable with their new skills, they discovered all the things their system was capable of. Computers, instead of creating a paperless society, as was expected, produced mountains of paper, most of it valueless. Mounds of reports were generated just because it was possible to do so. This information overload was mitigated somewhat in the 1980s with the introduction of â€Å"executive information systems†. They streamlined the process, giving the executive exactly what they wanted, and only what they wanted. The 1980s also saw the first commercial application of artificial intelligence techniques in the form of â€Å"expert systems†. These programs could give advice within a very limited subject area. The promise of decision making support, first attempted in management information systems back in the 1960s, had step-by-step, come to

It’s Better To Be Feared Than Loved Essay

It is easier to rule with terror and fear than to force the people to be happy and to love the ruler. According to Machiavelli, to be an effective ruler, one must rule without a moral conscience, because feelings and emotions would interfere with difficult decisions. In the play, Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Macbeth is a notorious leader who rules with the power of fear among his people and leaves behind his moral conscience. Macbeth is a successful ruler with terror because he causes Duncan’s heirs, Donalbain and Malcolm to flee Scotland, he gains authority quickly and with little suspicion, and displays acts of justice towards Macduff. Macbeth instills fear among Duncan’s heirs who are supposed to take the throne if Duncan was to die. After everyone discovers that Duncan had been murdered, Donalbain and Malcolm acts quickly and flees Scotland in order to protect themselves. Donalbain says to Malcolm, â€Å"What should be spoken here, where our fate, hide in an auger hole, may rush and seize us? Let’s away. Our tears are not yet brewed† (II.iii.12-15). Because of Macbeth’s actions, he successfully takes control and causes Donalbain and Malcolm to flee. This makes it easier for Macbeth to become king. They both agree to separate, and Malcolm says, â€Å"What will you do? Let’s not consort with them. To show an unfelt sorrow is an office which the false man does say. I’ll to England† (II.iii. 127-129). With the both of them out of the country, and out of Macbeth’s Cao way, Macbeth takes the throne and is the new king of Scotland. This action proves that it is better to be feared than loved. Macbeth attains his authority quickly because he terrifies Duncan’s heirs. He did not have to wait a long time for his power. Once Macbeth is the king, he holds a state banquet to celebrate his authority. Banquo says to Macbeth, â€Å"Let your Highness command upon me, to the which my duties are with a most indissoluble tie forever knit† (III.i.12-14). The only character who suspects Macbeth of doing evil deeds in order to get the throne is Banquo, but Macbeth has him killed before he can demolish Macbeth’s authority and reign. Upon hiring the murders to kill Banquo, Macbeth thinks without his moral conscious. Not only did Macbeth gain power quickly, but he sustains his power for quite some time. Macbeth proves that ruling with fear is more effective, because he does not have to work hard to gain the people of  Scotland’s love and affection. Instead, he uses the quick and easy way to hold his position among Scotland. Macbeth gives justice to Macduff because he betrays his homeland by fleeing to England. Macbeth kills Lady Macduff and her son in order to protect him from the first apparition. At the Macduff household, Lady Macduff says, â€Å"He had none, his flight was madness. When our actions do not, our fears do make us traitors† (IV.ii.3-5). Macduff is seen as a traitor to Macbeth because he had fled the country. Macbeth gives justice to Scotland and his citizens by having his family murdered. His tactics upon murdering Macduff’s family keep Scottish citizens in fear. His terrorizing actions make Macbeth a successful leader. It was better for Macbeth to rule with fear because he was able to terrorize Duncan’s heirs, gain his power quickly, and gives justice to Macduff. Macbeth becomes treacherous, but his power only becomes more apparent. As a ruler, to gain respect, obedience, and loyalty, he or she must rule with fear because it is easier to be feared than to gain one’s love.

Open Medical Marijuana Delivery Service Full - 5066 Words

Start a Legal Medical Marijuana Delivery Business in California 1|Page Index Chapter 1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Obtaining A Doctor’s Recommendation Chapter 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Obtaining a Medical Marijuana Identification Card Chapter 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Starting The Business / Nonprofit Chapter 4 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Operating The Business Chapter 5 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Products / Medical Marijuana Chapter 6 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Revenue Chapter 7 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Possession, Delivery, and The Law Chapter 8 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Taxes Chapter 9 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The Medical Marijuana Program Chapter 10 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. County Guidelines 2|Page Chapter 1: Obtaining a Doctor’s Recommendation A doctor’s recommendation will allow you to take the next†¦show more content†¦There is generally a $30.00 filing fee for these forms. Resource: Articles of Organization Forms www.sos.ca.gov/business/corp/pdf/articles/corp_artsnp.pdf To submit this form you will need to go to one of the 2 regional offices located at either: Sacramento Main Office 1500 11th Street Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 657-5448 Or Los Angeles Regional Office 300 South Spring Street, Room 12513 Los Angeles, CA 90013 (213) 897-3062 Step 3 – Creating a Website The next step is to create a website. If you do not have any experience creating websites do not be frightened. You can register a domain name (URL) at one of the many registration services found online. 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